Manager as a Role Model - 1101 Words

Hassan Naqvi Manager as a Role Model Being a manager comes with a lot of responsibilities and not everyone can handle such a pressure of being a leader. It is not necessary that a hard working individual with a lot of experience can be a good leader, as sometimes a good leader may not be competitive as some of the employees. As any company’s manager comes with many responsibilities including hiring, terminating, scheduling, inventory, supervising and etc. A supervisor shall always lead with example because the employees look up to their bosses and expects to learn from them because one day they might take management position. Therefore, a good manager or supervisor should always emphasizes on good work ethics. What are some†¦show more content†¦However, if someone, breaks the rule and constantly do so should be warned and dealt with accordingly. For example; one of my employee was not producing and was taking long breaks and due to that I had to visit and talk to him. I did not want to be harsh and cru el with him so I decided to approach him differently. I went to see him and asked him to sit down. I start by asking him the reason why am I seeing him? Apparently he knew the reason, but I did not wanted to be tough, so I asked him, how is his personal life, and what can I do to help him. Indeed, he had some personal issues which he was dealing with and because of that it was reflecting his job duties. Indeed, I also reflected on his long breaks which needs to cut down to normal. Also, if he needs any help he can feel free to discuss with me. Also, I assured him my support as long as he follows the company’s guidelines which he did. My biggest challenge was how can I overcome this hurdle with him and makes him produce. Afterwards, he became one of my top producer and indeed became a supervisor. Managers should know how to take the best out of their employees by leading with example. By all means, managers and senior individuals should be the role models. Therefore, if a mana ger want to improve and support its employees’ performance, he shall model that behavior himself first. Indeed, regular feedback to employees help them understand where they stand in terms of expectation. Also, praising employees will helpShow MoreRelatedRole Of A Project Manager Within A Building Information Model2240 Words   |  9 PagesBefore we delve into the role of a Project Manager within a Building Information Model (BIM) project and how, if at all, that role has altered, lets step back and understand how BIM evolved. The concept of BIM has actually existed since the 1970’s with the term building model first used in papers in the mid-1980’s. However, it wasn’t until around 10 years later that the terms Building Information Model and Building Information Modelling (including the acronym BIM) became more mainstreamRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Hr Professionals1528 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction: There has been much discussion about the issue of whether Human Resource (HR) roles can be integrated into the new position by the HR function in companies. Human Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as â€Å"a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations† (Armstrong, 2014, p.5). HR professionals’ works are regarded as employee training, recruitment, personnel administrative, reward management, serviceRead MoreMintzberg s Management Competency Theory1327 Words   |  6 Pagesshould successful managers have? Mintzberg used 10 job roles to describe a good manager’s work which are three information roles: monitor, disseminator and spokesperson, three interpersonal roles: figurehead, leader and liaison, and four decisional roles: entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator. Thus, this essay will be based on Mintzberg’s management competency theory, then use two management competency models to compare my experience as a manager. Moreover, in thisRead MoreThe Criminal Environment Changes After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 111575 Words   |  7 Pagesof new policies to incorporate the ILP model. Therefore, the success of this implementation depends on everyone in the organization from top to bottom. Everyone has to know their new roles and responsibilities and be able to accomplish them. In this paper, the focus will be on three stakeholders: the manager, intelligence analyst, and the patrol officer. Their roles will be represented in reference to Radcliffe’s 3-i model. The model also shows how their roles are dependent on each other. And thisRead MoreFayol s Five Processes Of Management1172 Words   |  5 Pagescommanding, coordinating and controlling. Since the publication of The Nature of Managerial Work (1973), academics have questioned the validity of the classical model, compared with Mintzberg’s ten managerial roles. Fayol’s five processes of management functions are essential for studying constituent elements of management, while Mintzberg’s model further details the complex, multidimensional nature of management. In essence, despite their differences, both approaches should be integrated to foster theRead MoreLeadership Of A Leader And A Manager1302 Words   |  6 Pages19). The quotation highlights the overlapping of different roles of leadership and management. It is true in respect that people misunderstand the true nature, roles and responsibilities of both the roles because the educational leaders play the role of manager in early childhood setting and the managers perform the duties of educational leader. The following essay will discuss the role of the leaders, which is different from the managers in early childhood settings. There will be discussion on theRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Role Model?1058 Words   |  5 Pagesgood role model and how can I ensure that I act as a role model for employees I supervise? It is said that role models in work places are no different to those elsewhere. In families, parents are role models. Managers are role models in the work place. They too, set an example. In work places, there are differences. It is suggested that other employees will only look to those whose work is better than their own, and show traits that they want to emulate. One way that workplace role model doesRead MoreNuclear Tube Assembly Room Case1202 Words   |  5 PagesQuinn’s Competing Values Model. Throughout this case analysis I plan to examine Langley’s managerial skills based on Quinn’s model. Quinn’s Competing Values Framework To be able to demonstrate and categorize where Langley fits on Quinn’s competing value framework model we must first understand his model. Quinn’s competing value framework is divided in four models; Human relations model, Open systems model, Rational Goal Model, and Internal Process Model. With each of the models comes along with itRead MoreWhat is Management? Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesManagement? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role and function of management in society and the workforce and to look into how it is implemented. Three main questions will be discussed, outlining, †What is management? aWhat do managers do? And what skills do managers need?† We will define management as a profession, look into what managers undertake and deliver in their daily output of work, different levels of management, and what skills managers need in order to produce the desired beneficialRead MoreWho Is Serving As A Customer Service Manager For A Major Retail Bank1209 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Behavior Assignment Currently serving as a customer service manager for a major retail bank. Oversees fulfillment operations department, which consists of a team of 25 associates who process west coast banking center accounts. Items that our department fulfills are statement, items and research inquires. We receive inquires for many bank products such as checking, saving, certificate of deposits, credit cards, individual retirement accounts and line of credits. We work with customers,

Zimbabwe Taxation - 2625 Words

Question Write an analysis of the developments of the taxation system in Zimbabwe from pre to post colonial Zimbabwe (25) The tax system currently enforced in Zimbabwe under the authority of the Income tax Act Chap 23.06 with Acts like the Capital Gains Act Chap 23.01, Finance Act Chap 23.04 and the Excise duties Act as complimentary. The system evolved from traditional ideologies perpetuated from pre pre-colonial era up to now. The incidence of tax from a traditional perspective occurred from as far as the Rozvi State who was allowed to maintain their power and control by the Portuguese Traders which resulted in the development of the†¦show more content†¦Insurance premiums and medical expenses were also allowed as a deduction The Pay as You Earn (P.A.Y.E) system of collecting Tax income was also adopted and it mainly operated with reference to an employed person. The definition of person in this regard mainly focuses on the natural person as it is the natural person and not the Juristic (for example Companies) that earn the employment income on which P.A.Y.E will be charged. Companies were also taxed in their own capacity and were required to pay a standard rate of 7s. 3d. in the  £. Special incentives for investment and exports were also given to benefit international trade and encourage investments in the companies established in the Zimbabwean Economy. Personal tax obligations were payable by individuals on a sliding scale ranging from  £2 per annum to  £12 per annum, this range was dependant on the income Death duties were relatively low by world standards, and were payable on a sliding scale rising to a maximum of 2s. 6d. in the pound currency, which is reached on a taxable amount of approximately  £42,000. Stamp duties were set on numerous documents recording transactions between persons and on services provided at various registries. These included a transfer duty at the rate of  £1 per cent, for the first  £4,000 of the value ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Tax Compliance In Zimbabwe917 Words   |  4 Pagestax compliance by SMEs in Zimbabwe. The topics covered in the chapter include background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study, main research question, sub research questions and justification of the study. Other sub-topics covered include significance of the study, delimitations, and limitations of the study and definition of terms. 1.2 Background of the study A study undertaken by a research firm, Global Financial Integrity revealed Zimbabwe could have lost $12 billionRead MoreThe Mutapa State8269 Words   |  34 PagesAfternoon once again some more on Zimbabwe...DISCUSS THE RISE AND EXPANSION OF THE MUTAPA STATE. (NOV 2008) The rise and ultimate expansion of the Mutapa State owed in part to the decline of Great Zimbabwe. According to oral traditions, Nyatsimba Mutota migrated from the declining Great Zimbabwe and began his conquests of the Korekore and Tavara of the Dande and Chidema areas It has been claimed t...hat his victims were so impressed by his military exploits that they nicknamed him Mwene Mutapa, ‘ownerRead MoreA Guide to Zimbabwe Goverment Revenue11248 Words   |  45 Pages A GUIDE TO ZIMBABWE GOVERNMENT REVENUE | A Toolkit and Guide for Legislators and Civil Society Organizations | | This toolkit is meant to equip Legislators and Civil Society Organizations to effectively monitor the Government of Zimbabwe Revenues as part of the broader Budgetary Policy Analysis and input | | | | Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 4 1.1 Background 4 1.2 Enabling Legislations 4 1.3 Tax Reforms 5 1.4 Taxes and the economy 6 1.5 The toolkit 6 Chapter 2:Read MoreThe Laffer Curve1848 Words   |  8 Pagesrates for either of the factors leads to an increase of the use of both factors. †¢ If government spending is being held constant, the constellation of tax rates affects the output. How taxes are collected is equally important as the total amount of taxation and spending. †¢ Lowered tax rates on any of the factors may or may not lower the total tax revenue. †¢ As often as not, when one factor’s tax rate is raised and the other’s lowered, the second factor will end up in worse economic shape. InRead MoreEconomic Aspects of Agrarian Reform12715 Words   |  51 PagesRepormang Pansakahan), abbreviated as the  DAR, is the  executive department  of the  Philippine Governmentresponsible for all  land reform  programs in the country, with the purported aim of promoting social justice and industrialization through massive taxation of rich and poor Filipinos alike. |Contents | |  [hide] | |1  History Read MoreWhat are the main causes of high unemployment in Zimbabwe? How serious a problem is it? Will land resettlement and HIV-AIDS ease or worsen the situation? Give reasons.1516 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The unemployment rate is the proportion of the economically active population that is unemployed and actively looking for employment. In 1990, Zimbabwe embarked on a programme of Economic Reforms popularly known as Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) and 1991-1992 saw one of the worst droughts. With close to 70% of the population living in the rural areas (CSO 1992) and dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, this constituted a major disaster. One result of theseRead MoreNotes On Taxation And The Informal Business Sector Essay2820 Words   |  12 Pagesinsight on the background. This chapter therefore reviews the existing literatures on taxation in general and presumptive tax system in Zimbabwe. The literature also tries to bring to surface issues concerning the role of taxation, the informal business sector and taxation in the informal business sector. This chapter will close with review of presumptive tax in Zimbabwe. 2.1 TAXATION IN GENERAL In general, taxation is a process government use to raise revenue to finance its activities and operationsRead MoreImpact of Industrial Development on Nigeria Stock Market1457 Words   |  6 Pagesin the market. At an average ratio of 2 percent per year,the turn-over ration, a measure of the value of share traded relative to local market capitalization is very low in Nigeria compared with 100 percent,9.0 percent and 4.6 percent in Botswana,Zimbabwe, and Mauritania respectively. The low trading activities are also a result of the ownership structure. Until 1995, when the Nigerian investment Promotion Commission Decree 16 and the Foreign Exchange ( Monitoring and Miscellaneous) provisions DecreeRead MoreThe Between Socialism And Communism908 Words   |  4 Pageswealth through taxation to provide the needs for society to function, for example, roads, hospitals, and schools. As populations increase, taxation rises and the infrastructure provided by socialism starts to collapse. The S tate can then either privatise to reduce taxation, introduce austerity measures, or nationalise, which Marx termed, the stepping stone to communism. The term socialist, as distinct from socialism, occurs when the government starts to use private wealth taxation to promote politicalRead MoreSupply Chain2295 Words   |  10 PagesMUDHLIWEVHU REG NUMBER : C13121173D PROGRAMME : BSSCM MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LEVEL : 2.1 ASSIGNMENT Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight-transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics management and performance in the country. Introduction Transport policy deals with the development of a set of

Manzana Insurance Free Essays

Dear John: We definitively have some issues here at Fruitvale Branch, but there are not the ones you think. The main problems that I could identify are the followings: * TAT (Turnaround time) measurement: We are not measuring correctly the TAT. In exhibit #3 shows that the TAT for a particular week is 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Manzana Insurance or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 days (0,6+3. 4+2. 0+2. ), but this means that the process is carried as a batch process, every process must be finished in order to go to the next one, and that is not the case (The possibility is very slim (5%)4) Other observation is that the 95% STC (Standard Completion Time) used is too conservative, using the Little’s law, we can estimate a theoretical lead time of 2,1 days ( Inventory (I) = 82 requests, Job’s arrival (W) = 39 request/day, TAT = I/W). The 2,1 days is far from the 6 used by the company, losing client in this way, but it shows that we can improve the TAT number if we redesign the way we measure and handle the TAT. In our view, the absence of a unified policy for handling the incoming request en each department has made that the turnaround time for RERUNs is excessive. This situation has caused deterioration in the image of our company towards agents, which have directed their customers to other companies increasing the renewal losses from 849 in 1989 to 1. 717 in 1990 (see exhibit 3). Therefore we must: * Improve the turnaround time and the confidence in the service of our company * Implement FIFO policy in all requests for RUN, RAP, RAIN and RERUN equally * Communicate and we re-enchant the agents with our new turnaround time Capacity: We calculate first the capacities of each part of the process (see exhibit 1): Table 1 shows that the main issues are at the distribution and writing sections. The first because is at its limits in capacity and the writing section for the opposite. Although the point made seems correct, if we look at the data for regions. The information in table 2 indicates th at the demand for regions is not the same for each one of them, T1 has more demand that the others territories nd that maybe it would be a good idea to use the writers team not assigned by regions but rather as a pool of writers, taking advantage of information technologies, in order to optimize the idles times (Queue theory). Besides, might be advisable to consider having a pool of underwriting and rating team at headquarters to satisfy all the demand from branches. Exhibit 1 Table 1 Â  | Distribution | Underwriting| Rating| Writing| Demand (Jobs/day)| 39,00| 39,00| 39,00| 39,00| Average Time m (Exhibit #4) (min/Jobs)| 40,97| 28,35| 70,39| 54,79| Total Time (min/day)| 1598,01| 1105,76| 2745,10| 1602,60 (75%)| N worker| 4,00| 3,00| 8,00| 5,00| Available Capacity min/day| 1800,00| 1350,00| 3600,00| 2250,00| Utilization| 89%| 82%| 76%| 71%| Exhibit 2 Table 2| T1| T2| T3| Total| RUNs (originating as RUNs)| 162| 100| 88| 350| RAPs (incl. RAPs converted to RUNs)| 761| 513| 524| 1798| RAINs| 196| 125| 130| 451| RERUNs| 636| 840| 605| 2081| Total Requests| 1755| 1578| 1347| 4680| Exhibit 3 Branch totals| 1989| 1990| 1991 (6 months)| Agents| 79| 76| 76| Policies in force| 5201| 5004| 3946| Renewals Lost| 849| 1717| 926| Gross premiums| 33009| 35446| 17400| How to cite Manzana Insurance, Essay examples

Sejanus, His Fall monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay Example For Students

Sejanus, His Fall monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Sejanus, His Fall (1603). SEJANUS: If this be not revenge, when I have done And made it perfect, let Egyptian slaves, Parthians, and barefoot Hebrews brand my face, And print my body full of injuries. Thou lost thyself, child Drusus, when thou thought\st Thou couldst outskip my vengeance, or outstand The power I had to crush thee into air. Thy follies now shall taste what kind of man They have provoked, and this thy father\s house Crack in flame of my incensed rage, Whose fury shall admit no shame or mean. Adultery? It is the lightest ill I will commit. A race of wicked acts Shall flow out of my anger, and o\erspread The world\s wide face, which no posterity Shall e\er approve, nor yet keep silent; things That for their cunning, close, and cruel marks, Thy father would wish his, and shall, perhaps, Carry the empty name, but we the prize. On, then, my soul, and start not in thy course; Though heav\n drop sulphur, and hell belch out fire, Laugh at the idle terrors. Tell proud Jove, Between his power and thine there is no odds. \Twas only fear first in the world made gods.

Logistics Essay Research Paper Henri Fayol free essay sample

Logisticss Essay, Research Paper Henri Fayol # 8211 ; the organisation adult male # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; -Fayol was the first to truly set to write a comprehensive theory of disposal. Some might state that he merely observed what worked good in bing organisations and provided footings to explicate how those organziations were organized. He spoke of # 8220 ; Administrative Science # 8221 ; and sought a consistent set of rules that all organisations must hold to run decently. The nomenclature he began is still current today. He was the first to talk of: A demand for planning, organisation, bid, co-ordination, and control as pieces within a set. ( his five maps ) He besides saw a set of # 8220 ; rules # 8221 ; that were common to all organisations seeking to constructivel y make work. Some of these are: the division of labour ( a rule ) authorization and duty ( another rule ) integrity of bid # 8211 ; one foreman ( another rule ) integrity of way # 8211 ; one program ( another rule ) Note particularly Fayol # 8217 ; s association of authorization and duty. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics Essay Research Paper Henri Fayol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The former is the right to order others and the latter is the duty for making the work that was assigned. Both are necessary. A director should neer be given authorization without duty # 8211 ; and besides should neer be given duty without the associated authorization to acquire the work done.Motivation TheoryElton Mayo # 8217 ; s Hawthorne ExperimentsThe Hawthorne Effect at WorkIn the preparation universe, the Hawthorne Effect is a chameleon. Ask several trainers and you # 8217 ; ll likely acquire several definitions, most of them legitimate and all of them true to some facet of the original experiments by Elton Mayo, in Chicago that produced the term.It has been described as the wagess you reap when you pay attending to people. The mere act of demoing people that you # 8217 ; rhenium concerned about them normally spurs them to better occupation performance.That # 8217 ; s the Hawthorne Effect.The Hawthorne Effect at WorkSuppose you # 8217 ; ve taken a direction trainee and g iven her specialised preparation in direction accomplishments she doesn # 8217 ; t now possess. Without salvaging a word, you # 8217 ; ve given the trainee the feeling that she is so valuable to the organisation that you # 8217 ; ll pass clip and money to develop her accomplishments. She feels she # 8217 ; s on a path to the top, and that motivates her to work harder and better. The motive is independent of any peculiar accomplishments or knowledge she may hold gained from the preparation session. That # 8217 ; s the Hawthorne Effect at work.In a manner, the Hawthorne Effect can be construed as an enemy of the modern trainer. Transporting the theory to the borders of cynicism, some would state it doesn # 8217 ; Ts make any difference what you teach because the Hawthorne Effect will bring forth the positive result you want.A Sense of Belonging? How do you react to executives who denigrate preparation and recognition the Hawthorne Effect when productiveness rises? So what? Effec tive preparation performs a double map: It educates people and it strokes them. And there # 8217 ; s nil incorrect with utilizing the Hawthorne Effect to make this other preparation end. In fact, the contention is that approximately 50 % of any successful preparation session can be attributed to the Hawthorne Effect.The Hawthorne Effect has besides been called the # 8216 ; Somebody Upstairs Cares # 8217 ; syndrome. It # 8217 ; s non every bit simplistic as the ideal popular under the human dealingss fad over recent old ages that you merely hold to be nice to workers. It # 8217 ; s more than etiquette.When people spend a big part of their clip at work, they must hold a sense of belonging, of being portion of a squad. When they do, they produce better. That # 8217 ; s the Hawthorne Effect.Orwellian? One frequently hears a different reading of the Hawthorne Effect. George Orwell would understand this version ; it has a Big Brother ring that # 8217 ; s far less benign than other definitions. Peoples use it when they talk about workers under the oculus of the supervisor.If person should subtly detect workers on the occupation to see if they truly apply new processs they # 8217 ; ve learned in a preparation class. Occasionally, directors object stating that observation International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t a valid trial Of class they # 8217 ; ll make a good occupation if you # 8217 ; re watching them, they tell her. Isn # 8217 ; t that the Hawthorne Effect? Well non precisely. # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8211 ; Motivation TheoryEmployee motive in practiceManagement literature is full with existent instance histories of what does and what does non actuate people. Presented here is a probationary initial wid e choice of the assorted patterns that have been tried in order to pull lessons for the future. # 8217 ; Stick # 8217 ; or # 8216 ; carrot # 8217 ; ? The traditional Victorian manner of rigorous subject and penalty has non merely failed to present the goods, but it has besides left a temper of discontent amongst the on the job category. Punishment appears to hold produced negative instead than positive consequences and has increased the ill will between # 8216 ; them # 8217 ; ( the direction ) and # 8216 ; us # 8217 ; ( the workers ) . In contrast to this, the # 8216 ; carrot # 8217 ; attack, affecting blessing, congratulations and acknowledgment of attempt has markedly improved the work atmosphere, produced the # 8216 ; goods # 8217 ; and given the workers tremendous satisfaction.Manager # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; toolkit # 8217 ; The director # 8217 ; s chief undertaking is to actuate his or her squad, both separately and jointly so that they can present the # 8216 ; goo ds # 8217 ; and besides derive satisfaction from it.This may look slightly contradictory, but it seems to work. The chief tools in the undertaking director # 8217 ; s kitbag for actuating the squad are: blessing, congratulations and acknowledgment ; trust, regard and high outlooks ; trueness, given that it may be received ; occupation enrichment ; good communications ; hard currency inducements. These are arranged in order of importance and it is interesting to observe that hard currency is manner down ( Stallworthy A ; Kharbanda ( 1983 ) ) the ladder of incentives. Let # 8217 ; s expression at a twosome of illustrations taken from existent life state of affairss. We read that the Swedish ship building company, Kockums, turned a 15 million dollar loss into a 100 million dollar net income in the class of 10 old ages due wholly to a changed perceptual experience of the work force brought about by better motive. Again, at Western Electric there was a dramatic betterment in end prod uct after the supervisors and directors started taking greater involvement in their employees.Don # 8217 ; t coerce # 8211 ; persuade! Persuasion is far more powerful than coercion, merely as the pen is mightier than the blade. Directors have a much better opportunity of success if they use persuasion instead than coercion. The former physiques morale, inaugural and motive, whilst the latter rather efficaciously putting to deaths such qualities. The three basic constituents in persuasion are: suggest ; play on the individual # 8217 ; s sentiments ; and appeal to logic. Once positive, the individual is so motivated as to present the # 8216 ; goods # 8217 ; . The director will hold achieved the end softly, gently and with the lower limit of attempt. It is, in consequence, an effortless achievement.There has been a considerable sum of research into persuasion / motive in the field of advertisement and selling. The research is wholly of the applied type, which can and has been used to great practical advantage. Some of the findings in this field were foremost published in the 1950ss in a book with the rubric, The Hidden Persuaders, which became a bestseller.More modern-day # 8216 ; inducers # 8217 ; used by advertisement and selling people include: Faster talk is found to be more effectual, since it is remembered better. Brain emits fast beta moving ridges when a individual is truly interested in a peculiar presentation. These moving ridges can be detected by an instrument. Subliminal attack utilizing short continuance presentation, whereby the message is transmitted below the degree of consciousness. Can these findings be used in existent work conditions? AT A ; T ( The American Telephone and Telegraph Co. , ) acknowledging the importance of concealed demands, at one clip succeeded in advancing long distance calls by usage of the simple phrase: # 8216 ; Reach out, make out and touch person # 8217 ; . Directors will necessitate to accommodate this persua sion / motive technique to their ain situation.Job satisfaction # 8211 ; is there a tendency? This is the rubric of a survey carried out by the US Department of Labor among 1500 workers, who were asked to rate the occupation factors, from a list of 23, which they considered of import get downing from the most of import factor. Their findings ( Sanzotta ( 1977 ) ) are: # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8211 ; White-collar workers Blue-collar workers ( a ) interesting work ( B ) chance to develop particular abilities ( degree Celsius ) adequate information ( vitamin D ) adequate authorization ( vitamin E ) plenty aid and equipment ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) friendly and helpful coworkers ( g ) chance to see consequences of work ( h ) competent supervising ( I ) responsibilities clearly defined ( J ) good wage ( a ) good wage ( B ) sufficiency aid and equipment ( degree Celsius ) occupation security ( vitamin D ) adequate information ( vitamin E ) interesting work ( f ) friendly and helpful coworkers ( g ) responsibilities clearly defined ( H ) chance to see consequences of work ( one ) adequate authorization ( J ) competent supervising # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8211 ; It is interesting that out of the 23 occupation factors listed for the study, yet with the exclusion of two points ( white-collar workers # 8217 ; pick ( B ) and blue-collar workers # 8217 ; pick ( degree Celsius ) ) groups selected the same top 10 factors, although with different rankings. It is important that good wage was considered as th e most of import factor by the blue-collar workers, but it ranked as the least of import for white-collar workers.Motivating your salesforceIt is good known that single behaviour is intensely personal and alone, yet companies seek to utilize the same policies to actuate everyone. This is chiefly for convenience and easiness compared to providing for single oddnesss ( Lindstone ( 1978 ) ) . # 8216 ; Tailoring # 8217 ; the policy to the demands of each person is hard but is far more effectual and can pay fine-looking dividends. Fairness, decision, giving congratulations and constructive unfavorable judgment can be more effectual than money in the affair of motive. Leadership is considered synonymous ( Tack ( 1979 ) ) with motive, and the best signifier of leading is designated as SAL, state of affairs adaptable leading. In this manner of leading, one is neer surprised or shocked, leading must get down with the main executive and it is more a affair of version than of leaving cogniti on. Ultimately, it is the leading quality which leads to the success of a company through edifice and actuating its people. # 8217 ; The one-minute director # 8217 ; A modern-day best seller ( Blanchard A ; Johnson ( 1983 ) ) aimed at directors who seek to do star performing artists of their subsidiaries. To get down with, the director sets a end, e.g. one page read in one minute, and it is seen to be achieved by # 8216 ; one minute # 8217 ; of praising or rebuke as the instance may be. But to be effectual, these must be given ( a ) quickly, ( B ) in specific footings, and the behaviour, instead than the individual, should be praised or reprimanded.The construct is basic and it makes sense, although the book seeks to # 8216 ; dramatise # 8217 ; it. # 8216 ; One minute # 8217 ; praising is seen to be the motivative force. Everyone is considered a victor, though some people are disguised as also-rans, and the director is extolled non to be fooled by such appearances. # 8217 ; Lessons from America # 8217 ; s Best-run Companies # 8217 ; Another best seller, In Search of Excellence ( Peters A ; Waterman ( 1982 ) ) . Several standards, including analysis of one-year studies and in-depth interviews, were used to pick 14 # 8216 ; model first-class companies # 8217 ; out of an initial sample of 62 companies. As expected, most of the action in high-performing companies revolved around its people, their success being ascribed to: ( a ) productiveness through people ; ( B ) extraordinary public presentation from ordinary employees ; ( degree Celsius ) handling people decently.Personnel map and in peculiar leading were considered the minute st critical components. If the leaders in an organization can create and sustain an environment in which all employees are motivated, the overall performance is bound to be good. The three essentials for creating such an environment are:(a) fairness;(b) job security; and(c) involvement.Of all the resources available, the human resource is clearly the most significant, but also the most difficult to manage. Excellence can only be achieved through excellent performance of every person, rather than by the high-pitched performance of a few individuals. And motivation is, undoubtedly, the crux.ConclusionThere is no simple answer to the question of how to motivate people. Can money motivate? Yes, but money alone is not enough, though it does help. We have discussed some of the pertinent theories bearing on human motivation and this is balanced by some of the practical factors which can lead to excellence. Human resource remains the focal point and leadership the critical component, and m otivation has to be ‘tailored’ to each individual. The next section deals with an important mode of motivation, namely financial. Motivation TheoryThe theorists and their theories (1 of 2)Although the process of management is as old as history, the scientific management as we know it today is basically a twentieth century phenomenon. Also, as in some other fields, practice has been far ahead of theory. This is still true in the field of management, contrary to the situation in some of the pure sciences. A giant of a man, like Albert Einstein, formulates a theory, which is later proved by decades of intensive research and experimentation. Not so in the field of management.In fact this field has been so devoid of real fundamental work so far, that Herbert A. Simon is the first management theoretician to win the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1978. His contribution itself gives a clue to the difficulty, bordering on impossibility, of real fundamental work in this field conce rned with people. In order to arrive at a correct decision, the manager must have all the information necessary relevant to the various factors and all the time in the world to analyze the same.This is seldom, if ever, the case. Both the information available and the time at the manager’s disposal are limited, but he or she must make a decision. And the decision is, therefore, not the optimum one but a ’satisficing’ one – in effect, a satisfactory compromise under the real conditions prevailing in the management ‘arena’.Traditional theory ‘X’This can best be ascribed to Sigmund Freud who was no lover of people, and was far from being optimistic. Theory X assumes that people are lazy; they hate work to the extent that they avoid it; they have no ambition, take no initiative and avoid taking any responsibility; all they want is security, and to get them to do any work, they must be rewarded, coerced, intimidated and punished. This is the so-called ’stick and carrot’ philosophy of management. If this theory were valid, managers will have to constantly police their staff, whom they cannot trust and who will refuse to cooperate. In such an oppressive and frustrating atmosphere, both for the manager and the managed, there is no possibility of any achievement or any creative work. But fortunately, as we know, this is not the case.Theory ‘Y’ – Douglas McGregorThis is in sharp contrast to theory ‘X’. McGregor believed that people want to learn and that work is their natural activity to the extent that they develop self-discipline and self-development. They see their reward not so much in cash payments as in the freedom to do difficult and challenging work by themselves. The manager’s job is to ‘dovetail’ the human wish for self-development into the organization’s need for maximum productive efficiency. The basic objectives of both are therefor e met and with imagination and sincerity, the enormous potential can be tapped.Does it sound too good to be true? It could be construed, by some, that Theory ‘Y’ management is soft and slack. This is not true and the proof is in the ‘pudding’, for it has already proved its worth in the USA and elsewhere. For best results, the persons must be carefully selected to form a homogeneous group. A good leader of such a group may conveniently ‘absent’ from group meetings so they can discuss the matters freely and help select and ‘groom’ a new leader. The leader does no longer hanker after power, lets people develop freely, and may even (it is hoped) enjoy watching the development and actualisation of people, as if, by themselves. Everyone, and most of all the organisation, gains as a result.Theory ‘Z’ – Abraham MaslowThis is a refreshing change from the theory X of Freud, by a fellow psychologist, Abraham Maslow. Maslow totally rejects the dark and dingy Freudian basement and takes us out into the fresh, open, sunny and cheerful atmosphere. He is the main founder of the humanistic school or the third force which holds that all the good qualities are inherent in people, at least, at birth, although later they are gradually lost.Maslow’s central theme revolves around the meaning and significance of human work and seems to epitomise Voltaire’s observation in Candide, ‘work banishes the three great evils -boredom, vice and poverty’. The great sage Yajnavalkya explains in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad that by good works a man becomes holy, by evil works evil. A man’s personality is the sum total of his works and that only his works survive a man at death. This is perhaps the essence of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, as it is more comonly know.Maslow’s major works include the standard textbook (in collaboration with Mittlemann), Principles of Abnormal Psychology (1941), a seminal paper, ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ (1943) and the book, Eupsychian Management (pronounced yew-sigh-keyan) published in 1965. Maslow’s theory of human motivation is, in fact, the basis of McGregor’s theory ‘Y’ briefly described above. The basic human needs, according to Maslow, are:(a) physiological (Lowest)(b) safety;(c) love;(d) esteem; and(e) self-actualization (Highest)Man’s behavior is seen as dominated by his unsatisfied needs and he is a ‘perpetually wanting animal’, for when one need is satisfied he aspires for the next higher one. This is, therefore, seen as an ongoing activity, in which the man is totally absorbed in order to attain perfection through self-development.The highest state of self-actualization is characterized by integrity, responsibility, magnanimity, simplicity and naturalness. Self-actualizers focus on problems external to themselves. His prescription for human salva tion is simple, but not easy: ‘Hard work and total commitment to doing well the job that fate or personal destiny calls you to do, or any important job that â€Å"calls for† doing’.Maslow has had his share of critics, but he has been able to achieve a refreshing synthesis of divergent and influential philosophies of:(a) Marx – economic and physical needs;(b) Freud – physical and love needs;(c) Adler – esteem needs;(d) Coldstein – self-actualization. ——————————————————————————– Motivation TheoryEmployee motivation in the workplace (part 2)Frederick Herzberg – Motivation hygiene theoryThis is based on analysis of the interviews of 200 engineers and accountants in the Pittsburgh area in the USA. According to this theory, people work first and for emost in their own self-enlightened interest, for they are truly happy and mentally healthy through work accomplishment. People’s needs are of two types: Animal needs (hygiene factors) Human needs (motivators) Company policy Supervision Interpersonal relations Working conditions Salary Achievement Recognition Work Responsibility Advancement Unsatisfactory hygiene factors can act as de-motivators, but if satisfactory, their motivational effect is limited. The psychology of motivation is quite complex and Herzberg has exploded several myths about motivators such as:(a) shorter working week; (b) increasing wages; (c) fringe benefits; (d) sensitivity / human relations training; (c) communication. As typical examples, saying ‘please’ to shop-floor workers does not motivate them to work hard, and telling them about the performance of the company may even antagonize them more. Herzberg regards these also as hygiene factors, which, if satisfactory, satisfy animal needs b ut not human needs.Chris ArgyrisAccording to Argyris, organization needs to be redesigned for a fuller utilization of the most precious resource, the workers, in particular their psychological energy. The pyramidal structure will be relegated to the background, and decisions will be taken by small groups rather than by a single boss. Satisfaction in work will be more valued than material rewards. Work should be restructured in order to enable individuals to develop to the fullest extent. At the same time work will become more meaningful and challenging through self-motivation.Rensis LikertLikert identified four different styles of management:exploitative-authoritative; benevolent-authoritative; consultative; participative. The participative system was found to be the most effective in that it satisfies the whole range of human needs. Major decisions are taken by groups themselves and this results in achieving high targets and excellent productivity. There is complete trust within th e group and the sense of participation leads to a high degree of motivation.Fred LuthansLuthans advocates the so-called ‘contingency approach’ on the basis that certain practices work better than others for certain people and certain jobs. As an example, rigid, clearly defined jobs, authoritative leadership and tight controls lead in some cases to high productivity and satisfaction among workers. In some other cases just the opposite seems to work. It is necessary, therefore, to adapt the leadership style to the particular group of workers and the specific job in hand.Victor VroomVroom’s ‘expectancy theory’ is an extension of the ‘contingency approach’. The leadership style should be ‘tailored’ to the particular situation and to the particular group. In some cases it appears best for the boss to decide and in others the group arrives at a consensus. An individual should also be rewarded with what he or she perceives as impor tant rather than what the manager perceives. For example, one individual may value a salary increase, whereas another may, instead, value promotion. This theory contributes an insight into the study of motivation by explaining how individual goals influence individual performance.We have discussed above only a selection of the motivation theories and thoughts of the various proponents of the human behavior school of management. Not included here are, among others, the thoughts of:Seebohm Rowntree – labor participation in management; Elton Mayo – the Hawthorne Investigations; K. Lewin – group dynamics; force field theory; David McClelland – the achievement motivation; George Humans – the human group; William Whyte – the organization man. What does it all add up to? Back to ’square one’? Yes, indeed, the overall picture is certainly confusing. This is not surprising, for the human nature and human mind defy a clear-cut model, mat hematical or otherwise.In some of the theories and thoughts presented, however, one can see some ‘glimpses’ of the person and how, perhaps, he or she could be motivated. This is rewarding in itself. But, as noted earlier, practice has been ahead of theory in this field, so let us now move to the practical side of management of human behavior in the workplace. ——————————————————————————–

The Significance of Deng Xiaopings Reforms on Chinese Society essays

The Significance of Deng Xiaoping's Reforms on Chinese Society essays Deng Xiaoping was the chief architect of China's pragmatic reforms since the 80s. It was under Deng's sophisticated sponsorship that China underwent the most dramatic changes of its history in the final two decades of the last century. China moved ahead with its modernization programs, scoring impressive results and thus emerging as one of the principal players in international politics. According to journalist Jim Rohwer, "the Dengist reforms of 1979-1994 brought about probably the biggest single improvement in human welfare anywhere at any time." This improvement was because the reforms effected hundreds of millions of Chinese people. The Chinese were drawn out of their pursuit of ideological purity and introduced to an alternative lifestyle above the line of general poverty, a new form of socialism that rewarded private entrepreneurship. Deng's great contributions are summarized in the twin policies of "enlivening the economy" and "opening to the outside world" that the regime cemented firmly in place at the end of 1978. "Enlivening" meant permitting and encouraging the development of market forces within a Chinese economy hitherto overwhelmingly bureaucratized and subject to central political control even at the micro level. "Opening" meant the full-bore pursuit of the benefits of global involvement for the purpose of China's national development. Deng's policies opened up the economy to foreign investment and market allocation within a socialist framework. The reform was designed to improve the socialist system, bring its superiority into full play and push forward the drive for modernization. And to accelerate and deepen the reform is the main task on which all political, economic and social activities must be focused. In the 1980s, the collective commune system in the countryside was first of all removed in favor of a "responsibility system" of household farming, and the long-term exploitation of peasants for the sake ...

Explain Descartes skeptical argument according to a prompt Term Paper

Explain Descartes skeptical argument according to a prompt - Term Paper Example This lack of insight forms the basis of the argument as the mediator notices that there are certain instances when he is convinced he is awake and surrounded by real objects but he is in fact sleeping and dreaming. Descartes takes the lack of insight to be an outcome of sense perception and dreams being composed of the same content. This can be noted when the mediator argues that he is awake since everything is clear and distinct then he backtracks and reminds himself that the dreamscape can be deceiving as it always seems as clear and distinct during that moment in time (Descartes 33). The dream argument however accepts that although the present sensations and perceptions could be from a dream, they are however drawn from experiences when awake. The mediator compares this to a painter who creates a fantasy image of a mermaid, which at its basic level is composed of composite parts present in the real world, that is, a woman and a fish. Thus the final important aspect of the dream argument as noted by the mediator is that although he cannot trust composite things, he has to trust the simple and universal parts that make a whole such as size, quantity, shape and time (Descartes 34). This means that studies based on basic things such as geometry and arithmetic are trustworthy while those based on composite items such as medicine and astrology cannot be trusted. From the dream argument we can delineate two important facts. First is that dreams have an inexhaustible ability to mimic the real world and secondly, whether dreaming or awake, the clearest thoughts of intellect remain uncompromised. While Descartes dream argument may have been valid in the 21st century, the current conditions make its applicability suspect. Scientists have developed a sensory module that detects when our sense impressions are caused by objects and how accurately those impressions are.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 75

Discussion - Assignment Example . This poem clearly brings out the theme of courage well. Unlike his peers who strive to impress the visiting audience, Michael chooses to do what he perceives right in his eyes even though he knows the backlash he would receive from the society. Since beginning of time, those who act contrary to the norms of the society are the ones who make a difference on earth. Like a child, he is at peace with what he does and loves. Like a rose has both the male and female parts, he blends both masculinity and feminism. Cultural conflict is the dominant theme in this poem. Different races and cultures are always in conflict with each other and in a bid to advance their ideologies or to prove their superiority over others; most conflicts end up in bloodsheds. In Casual Wear, a tourist woman falls victim to a vicious attack by the terrorist. While the odds are one to nine that she will be at the place of the attack, she ironically ends up there and is killed. The tourist may have come from a nation that was in conflict with the terrorist’s country. She wears extravagantly in a country that fashion is not taken seriously. Just like her clothes did not matter to the terrorist, so was her life. The main cause of terrorism is cultural differences. Using force or violence to counter terrorism will only result to more violence. The best method to stop terrorism would be to accept other people’s cultural, ideological and religious beliefs. Stereotyping people will only lead to more resentment. For example, Muslims are portrayed as terrorists in most Hollywood films. This should be banned. Ballad of Birmingham is based on a real life bombing of an African-American church in 1963. The poem begins with a girl begging her mother to go to a freedom march, but her mother refuses. She however allows her to go to church where she believes is secure. Unfortunately, the church is attacked by arsons and the little girl dies. The message that is clear is

HCG Diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HCG Diet - Essay Example It has been said that the diet actually helps people to understand the consumption of food and why it is important to only consume proportion sizes. HCG is what women produce in the placenta during pregnancy" HCG - Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced during pregnancy by the developing embryo soon after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the placenta). HCG synthesis is the indicator of the conception of pregnancy. But with the innovation in the field of medical science this hormone is now being exploited as a diet substitute for promoting weight loss (The HCG Diet). The primary role of HCG hormone is to prevent the dissolution of the corpus luteum of the ovary and by this means it maintains progesterone production that is critical for a pregnancy in humans. Biochemical analysis depicts that HCG also show added functions; it affects the immune tolerance of the pregnancy. Apart from being an indicator to ensure the pregnancy during the early stages of conception, HCG is also produced by some kinds of tumor. This makes it an important tumor marker (The HCG Diet). The basic function of HCG is to keep the blood stream filled with nutrients which the fetus can consume throughout the gestation. This function is exploited to make HCG Diet. Individuals (both men and women) who are injecting HCG are also allowing the blood stream to be filled with nutrients taken from the reserved fat. It is for this reason HCG diet is recommended to obese individuals. It effectively drops the personal calorie s to around 500 calories (The HCG Diet). Thus, as soon as HCG is injected the body derives its nutrient requirements not from the nutritional diet but from the already existing fat reservoir. This reserved fat burns out to provide ATP molecules and hence the energy. It is therefore manifested that the HCG diet allows dieters to drop 1-2 lbs per day. These injections aid in weight reduction by reducing hunger, and affecting mood (The HCG Diet). How does it work HCG Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) present in both men and women with the highest level of HCG in pregnant woman. Under normal conditions, HCG is given to female requiring help in ovulating and to men who require an increase in sperm count. Synthetically available or extracts of HCG are made available by extracting the hormone from the urine of a pregnant women. Supporters of HCG Diet are of firm belief that by adhering to the diet plan and taking daily injections of HCG, required or targeted reduced weight can be achieved. This is followed by eating plan with 500 calories (How does it work). Along with HCG Diet, the diet encompasses not more than 500 calories, more water, vegetables and fiber in the daily meal plan. This is known to make the reduction in weight at a faster pace and that too without any exercise. The Diet also has restrictions on consumption of tea and coffee apart from only 100 gm of diet intake in lunch and also in dinner. The diet encompass, lean meat or sea food, paired with one vegetable, asparagus, beet greens, cabbage, celery, chard, chicory, cucumbers, fennel, green salad, onions, red radishes, spinach and tomatoes.(). HCG injections with the prescribed diet ensure weight loss (How does it

Nutrition Is Especially Crucial During

Nutrition Is Especially Crucial During In terms of nutrition, most infants are developmentally ready for an introduction to pureed foods between 4 and 6 months of age to meet the growth and energy needs of the child (Johnson, 2009). It is important NOT to introduce solid foods prior to 4 months for several health reasons:  Ã‚   In the first weeks of life, immaturity of the kidney excludes large osmolar loads of protein and electrolytes and digestion of some fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is compromised. At age 3-5 months, infants are able to digest and absorb cereal, but at age 1-2 months carbohydrate and protein digestion and absorption are compromised by cereal ingestion (Shulman, 1995). In the first months of life poorly developed swallowing skills may lead to aspiration. Increased respiratory illness and persistent cough have been reported in infants given solids early (Forsyth, 1993), and coughing may increase following ingestion of formula thickened with infant cereal (Orenstein, 1992). Early introduction of a variety of solid foods may increase risk of atopic and immunological disease in susceptible children (Herbes, 2004). Semisolid foods progressing to table foods in the latter part of the first year provides energy and nutrients as well as support for oral and fine motor development (Johnson, 2009). Nutrition is important during toddlerhood. Depending on their body weight, small children need more nutrients than adults as their organs and blood starts developing. As the child grows and the activity increases, the nutrient intake needs to be adequate to support this process. Growth spurts alternate with periods of no growth or slowed growth during this period are challenges during this age (Johnson, 2009). For adequate nutrition requirements during toddlerhood, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), which include the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Adequate Intakes (AIs), should serve as a guide to prevent deficiencies in this age group. However, most of the levels set for preschoolers and toddlers are based on values established for infants and adults. For parents, a more practical approach to ensuring proper nutrient intake is to use the Food Guide Pyramid for Young Children, devised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Johnson, 2009). Unfortunately, people most of the time do not follow the specific requirements in these guides. Potential problems could arise when proper nutrition is NOT met during this period. Although severe nutrient deficiencies are rare in the United States, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin A are the nutrients most likely to be low in children as a result of poor dietary habits needed for growth and building of strong bones and teeth, as well as other physical growth. Ensuring that children eat the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups in the pyramid is the best way to be certain that all nutritional requirements are met. A good rule of thumb for serving sizes is one tablespoon per year of age (Johnson, 2009). Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, the carrier of oxygen in the blood. As a young child grows, blood volume increases, and so does the need for iron. Preschoolers and toddlers typically eat less iron-rich foods than they did in infancy. In addition, the iron that children get is usually non-heme iron (from plant sources), which has a lower availability than heme iron (from animal sources). As a result, children up to three years of age are at high risk for iron-deficiency anemia. The RDA for iron for both toddlers and preschoolers is ten milligrams (mg) per day. Calcium is needed for bone and teeth mineralization and maintenance. The amount of calcium a child needs is determined in part by the consumption of other nutrients, such as protein, phosphorus and vitamin D, as well as the childs rate of growth. During this period of development, children need two to four times as much calcium per kilogram of body weight as adults do. The AI for toddlers is 500 mg/day, while for preschoolers it is 800 mg/day. Since dairy foods are the primary source of calcium, children who do not consume enough dairy or have an aversion to dairy products may be at risk for calcium deficiency. The body can produce vitamin D in the skin in response to sun exposure. The amount of vitamin D needed daily thus depends mainly on how much time a child spends outside and on geographical location. The RDA for children living in tropical areas is between zero and 2.5 micrograms (g) per day, depending on the amount of sun exposure. For those living in temperate zones, the RDA increases to 10 mc/day. Vitamin D; fortified milk is the best source. Zinc is essential for proper development. It is needed for wound healing, proper sense of taste, proper growth, and normal appetite. Preschoolers and toddlers are sometimes at risk for marginal zinc deficiencies because the best sources are meats and seafoods, foods they may not eat regularly. The recommended intake of zinc is 10 mg/day. Vitamin and mineral supplements are popular with more than 50 percent of parents of preschoolers and toddlers. Most use a multivitamin/mineral supplement with iron. Parents should be aware, however, that such supplements do not necessarily fulfill the needs for marginal or deficient nutrients. For example, although calcium is often a nutrient that is low in children, most multivitamin/mineral supplements do not include it, or include it in very low doses. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not support routine supplementation for normal, healthy kids. Although there is no harm in giving children a standard childrens supplement, mega doses should always be avoided, and caution should be used when supplementing the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) (excerpted from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5200/is_2004/ai_n19120955).

Walter Dean Myers’ Monster - Guilty Until Proven Innocent Essay

Walter Dean Myers’ Monster - Guilty Until Proven Innocent Monster is an example of what Patty Campbell would call a â€Å"landmark book.† Texts such as these â€Å"encourage readers to interact with the text and with one another by employing a variety of devices, among them ambiguity† (Campbell 1) Because it is told through the eyes of Steve himself, the plot can be difficult to decipher. It is ambiguous whether he is innocent or guilty of being involved with the crime. Steve learned to make things unpredictable from his film teacher Mr. Sawicki who teaches him, â€Å"If you make your film predictable, they’ll make up their minds about it long before it’s over† (19). Steve took his teacher’s advice and made this film script entirely unpredictable, even after it is over. His lawyer, O’Brien, says in her closing statement, â€Å"What can we trace as to the guilt or innocence of my client, Steve Harmon?† (245) This leaves the jury with an undoubtedly difficult decision, as well as the rea der, because there are clues to both guilt and innocence in Steve’s case. What we do know is that many people think Steve is guilty. One of the guards describes the case, â€Å"Six days – maybe seven. It’s a motion case. They go through the motions; then they lock them up† (14). The judicial system has many flaws, one of which being that they assume guilt before proof when it comes to people like Steve. The phrase â€Å"innocent until proven guilty† does not apply to cases like his. As prosecutor Petrocelli states in reference to people like Steve, â€Å"There are also monsters in our communities – people who are willing to steal and to kill, people who disregard the rights of others† (21). O’Brien succinctly sums this up for Steve, â€Å"You’re young, you’re Black, and you’re on ... ... to jail. He moved away, and the distance between us seemed to grow bigger and bigger† (280). The reader is left pondering the good character of Steve, the bad friends he spent time with, the doctoring of his testimony, and the information that Steve provided us hinting both at his guilt and at his innocence. We are comfortable with the fact that he has been let free, but has been warned. If he were involved in the crime, at least he may have learned his lesson through his time in prison and on trial. If he were not involved in the crime, at least he is free to start over and move on from the experience. Works Cited Campbell, Patty. â€Å"Radical Monster.† The Horn Book Magazine. Boston: Nov/Dec 1999. Vol. 75, Iss. 6; pg. 769. Dean Myers, Walter. Monster. New York: Harper Tempest, 1999. Kus, Jonathan. â€Å"Monster: A critical look from the outside.† April 13, 2004.

A Rose for Emily: Pressures of Society

Pressures of Society Most people desire to fit in with the social norm. People do not want to be outcasts or different. Everyone in a society tries to fit into their cookie cutter forms to make themselves just like everyone else. Society does not like those who don't fit in and meet their standards. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the main character Emily lives in a society full of high morals and monetary status. The setting plays a huge role on the actions of Emily and forces her to seclude herself from the rest of society. A Rose for Emily† takes place in post- civil war Jefferson, a small town in the deep south of the United States. The setting of the story helps illuminate the values of society during that time. Emily's society was built on the beliefs that the white, upper-class citizens were far more superior to everyone else. Being that they were more superior, everyone was held to a higher standard. The people of Jefferson were ex pected to have prim and proper houses and yards, high morals, and to obey all of the town's laws. While Emily was part of the upper-class, she did not quite fit in to society's cookie cutter mold. Emily's house was an eyesore to the rest of the town, she was said to be dating a gay man who was of the working class, and she did not pay her taxes. The people of the town began to question Emily's sanity because she was not just like everyone else. â€Å"Some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people†¦. but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister†¦. o call upon her. † (94-95) These actions show how much society truly wanted to change Emily's way of life so she would fit in with them and stop ruining their image. The southern country setting with these harsh conditions led Emily to lock herself in her home in order to seclude herself from society. Emily did not feel welcome in her society. She knew that the others judged her and looked down upon her for her actions. The pressures of society took a huge t oll on Emily. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them. † (95). Emily felt as though she was a total outcast in her society and she became insane because of it. After her death, the town finds out that Emily had murdered her future husband. She had truly gone insane due to the pressure that society had placed on her. All in all, Emily's harsh society that she lived in caused her to feel unwelcome and go insane. Emily felt forced into locking herself away in her home to seclude herself from society. The high moral standards that the rich white southerners place on society greatly affected the life of Miss Emily. Emily did not fit into society's cookie cutter mold, and as a result she was ridiculed and cast away from the rest of society. The pressures of society can have a very damaging effect on those who do not fit into the social norms.

Descriptive Eassy on Visit for Trip

Fear On The Autobahn With definitions of difficult words One often experiences strange incidents in life. Such incidents remain etched in the memory lane. Scary or cheerful, my first trip on the Lyari expressway can never be forgotten. Why not, for it is recorded in detail in my personal diary. Before the arrival of my cousins from USA, I believed myself to be a sort of an extremely brave wunderkind. It all changed after that. Even my grandiloquence did not stop them from frightening me with hair-raising stories. Very soon, I had started to fear every nick and corner for what it may conceal.As a small child, I started believing in out-worldly people and in the fact that my cousins were clairvoyants and could see into the future. Along with these stories, my cousins had burst me with admiration for the autobahn on the Lyari River. I repeatedly tried to persist my over-burdened father into taking me for a ride, till he finally accepted my request. Dressed smartly on that eventful day, I looked for all to see as the luckiest boy in the world. As a final blood curdle, my eldest cousin warned me that something bad could happen to me on the expressway. However, even his warning could not dampen my spirits before the ride.After 5 minutes of light-hearted singing (and unhesitating driving by my father), we finally reached the tollbooth of the autobahn. I could not stop myself from thinking whether the collector was an out-worldly creature or a human. Only when I discovered that his ears weren’t pointed – but were round just like my ears – was I convinced of his being. After the toll had commanded over a little money from my father’s pocket, my father opened the car radio and started driving at a ridiculous speed. He had a wonderful sense of schadenfreude when he learnt from the car radio that a car crash had occurred near the entrance of the expressway.The crash meant that there would be no other cars on the autobahn, so my father could cont inue driving at his ridiculous speed. At this point of the narrative, I will blame my cousins for redirecting my thoughts. Their stories spooked me for a long time, especially on the Lyari autobahn. I believed that every nick and corner would reveal a specially armed kidnapper. Then suddenly I saw the outline of a man running towards us and my blood ran cold. Many people say that reading too many books can be bad for you. I sincerely agreed with them after the incident.At that point of time, I imagined myself to be an African slave of the 1800s being shipped to the States. I prepared myself to be stripped of my lederhosen and to be given a diet of kinkorn. I would be separated from my family and be thrashed by a myriad of people. Harrowingly, I told my father that a convict, who was brandishing a sword, was beckoning us to stop. Seeing my miserable face, my father started laughing uncontrollably, and almost crashed into a wall. After gazing at my surprised face, he told me that the ‘convict’ was actually guard pointing to the speed limit; which my father had been crossing.Chuckling, my father related that the guard had a much more powerful weapon to brandish than a sword; the guard had a gun! After the afore-mentioned incident, I vowed never to spook little children with haunted stories. I advise all readers never to take a trip on an autobahn during the night. Autobahn| expressway| Wunderkind| child prodigy| Grandiloquence| Grand gestures| Clairvoyant| Fortune-teller| Schadenfreude| Pleasure derived from someone’s misfortune| Lederhosen| Leather shorts| Kinkorn| Ancient wheat| Myriad| Large number| Harrowing| Extremely distressed| Definations

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buy custom Technology, Innovation and the Road Ahead essay In the recent past, technological advancements have led to the increased manufacture and usage of electronic equipment. Central to this technological advancement is the need to convey information from a source to a particular destination. The ultimate electronic device for this is the computer. For this reason, the computer has been used in various fields like medicine, engineering, statistics, astronomy, banking, aviation and virtually any other profession. With the discovery and intense usage of the internet which is basically an interconnection of computers, the computer has become even more useful as a source of invaluable information (Rajasingham, and Tiffin, 2004, p.56). The personal desktop computer commonly known as the pc is now a more common phenomenon is homes and offices. Even more portable and handy is the laptop computer which can be carried anywhere. The computer has thus not only gained substantial usage in the professional world but also in family, personal and socia l life. The virtual world concept is a term associated with the use of computers and refers to the operations in the computing world which are parallel to the real world. Perspective into Technological Advancement The Past Over the past 100 years the development of the Milling Machine has single handedly changed the way all machine shops produce their products. The milling machine drastically improved employee production and quality, which ultimately allowed for the reduction in the number of employees needed. Furthermore, the development of computer aided design and programming in CNC machines has altered the needed skill-set of the miller. Further advances in the capabilities of machining technologies have increased the effectiveness of the worker. Alternatively, advances have not come without the inevitable argument of the reduction of the work force due to the advancement in machining technology. The Bridgeport Lathe and the CNC machine have led the revolution in the area and this paper will discuss the history and impact these two instruments have made in the milling profession. The milling machine is one of the most useful machines in the industrial processes, due to its desirable versatility character (Inside Woodworking). This machine has a rotating drilling system that is very suitable for cutting metallic and wooden materials. The modern milling machine traces its originality from the nineteenth century, when it was first designed as a crude device of cutting wood (Inside Woodworking). The industrial revolution in the later years of the nineteenth century made it incredibly important for the milling machine to develop as a tool for cutting both wood and metal (Inside Woodworking). Metal became the major raw material in the cottage industries. This urged the artisans to model this machine in a way that metal ores could be reshaped into reasonable sizes and shapes for industrial use (Inside Woodworking). The Present The issue of technology on the growth of the milling machine is a multifaceted phenomenon. There are various ways in which technological advanement improve the operation of the milling machine. By the use of suitable attachments, this machine is equipped with various capabilities to accomplish many activities in the industries (Krar et al 10). The milling machine can drill, ream, bore, spot face and produce grooved and flat surfaces (Krar et al 10). However, there are the specific technologies that have enabled the efficient transformation of the milling machines from the traditional to technological form. The development of technologies such as the Computer Numerical Control, the Computer Aided Manufacturing and Distributive Numerical Control has improved the performance of the milling machines (Lynch). The Computer Numerical Control technology has replaced the manual intervention in the manufacturing processes, and milling has realized success as a result (Lynch). The introduction of this technological stride has revolutionized a horde of machining systems in the history of large scale manufacturing. This has improved the quality of the manufactured products (Krar et al 12). The CNC technology provides a programmed system that automatically controls the milling machine for accurate positioning of materials (Lynch). The CNC enabled milling machines require minimal manual control, since the program can switch the machine on and off, in addition to monitoring all the specifications required for its operation (Lynch). This has greatly reduced labor cost for the manufacturing processes and enabled the production of quality items. The CNC milling machines have a programmed motion control, spindle activation and the speed regulator, which makes the entire milling process a smooth activity (Lynch). Another technology that has been involved in industrial revolution in milling machines is the Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). This technology promotes the accurate control of milling process in the industries, by designing and testing the production of new products (Krar et al 12). The CAM system is more complex, and it solves the inability of the CNC technology to handle complicated programs (Lynch). The CAM is a program that is used in computer terminals to help in CNC programming (Lynch). The CAM system is simultaneously implemented with the Computer Aided Design, which outlines the nature of the operation to be executed by the milling machine (Lynch). Thus, the CNC program has an easier task of just controlling the operation of the actual machine in the milling process (Lynch). This computer program makes the manufacturing process easier and pleasant, though the complete system of the programs is capital intensive. This has improved industrial processes in the world. The airplane manufacturers are using the milling machine in more sophisticated methods in several activities. This has been very useful to aerospace industries. The Pilatus Aircraft Limited is one firm that has become a highly productive manufacturing centre due to the use of technologically modified milling machines (Manganelli 3). This Company specializes in the manufacture of trainer aircrafts, and it has grown at a high rate because of using modernized milling machines (Manganelli 3). For example, the recent development of the SCIROCCO milling machine has seen a rapid growth in the manufacturing of the curved aircraft parts (Manganelli 3). This machine usees extremely accurate coordinate-measuring techniques, and it allows a two directional link between the Computer Aided Design and the Coordinate Measuring Machines (Manganelli 3). The use of the milling machine has also helped this company to manufacture complex contoured surfaces using the Curves and Surfaces trade, a program that offers the method of generating these surfaces (Manganelli 3). Thus, by using the various features of the technologically developed milling machines, production will increase in the aircraft industry. A look into the future It is therefore apparent that the world today is forging towards a computer intense future. Indeed, it can be said that in the future, most of us will increasingly use the virtual world of computers for entertainment, friendship and source of instruction (Ryan, 2000, p.71). This will be a good thing. The main advantage to as alluded to previously is the simplification of tasks. Moreover, the computer has the ability to perform functions with phenomenal speed. This saves time especially in a future which is abuzz with activity. It also pools different resources together acting as an all in one tool. Additionally, reliability and effectiveness in the transfer of information are promoted with the use of computers as opposed to conventional ways say of sending information. All these benefits are derived within a cost effective framework which makes the computers even more advantageous. However, there is a downside to this as several demerits of computer use have been reported (Danaher 2004, p.90). As a source of instruction, the internet has been said to be unreliable. In addition, the vastness of the internet makes it hard to filter the information provided thereof. In entertainment, the internet has been said to be a source of moral erosion and a threat to family values and norms due to the uncontrolled nature and consequent influence of the media thereof. The virtual world of computing has substituted reality in social relationships leading to such personalities as antisocial behaviours (Earnshaw 2001, p. 27). Criminal activities like fraud have been reported due to the imperson al nature of this technology. However, various measures have been taken in the control of these demerits mainly by instituting legal frameworks which seek to mitigate the harmful effects that this technology is perceived to have. In light of this, it can be said that it is not only good but desirable to have a future whose activities are enhanced by computer technology. Conclusion In conclusion therefore, it can be confidently said that that the increased use of computers for instruction, entertainment and friendship in future will be a good thing. However, the adverse effects of this use should be noted and avoided. The concept of a virtual world should be embraced in moderation, making sure to keep in touch with reality and thus enhancing basic values in the society. Speed, efficiency, reliability, effectiveness and simplification of the required tasks are some of the benefits of computers. These benefits are phenomenal and thus with the right control of the risks and demerits involved, the virtual world of computing becomes even better with time. Buy custom Technology, Innovation and the Road Ahead essay

H.w Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

H.w - Essay Example In supporting this view, Plato gave an in-depth analysis of what justice is. In this analysis, Plato divided justice into two categories, i.e. the justice of the state (political justice), and individual justice. Political justice, for Plato, comes about in a state when the tripartite constitutive elements of the state operate harmoniously. The tripartite elements are the Workers (productive class), the Auxiliaries (the soldiers), and the Guardians (the rulers). A harmonious working cooperation among the three classes of people in the state ensures that there is harmony, and hence justice in the state. Analogously, for Plato, human soul has three elements corresponding to the tripartite elements of the state. The constitutive tripartite elements of the human soul are the appetitive element- corresponding to the productive element in the state, the spirited element- corresponding to the auxiliary element in the state, and the rational element- corresponding to the guardian element in the state. Plato then argued that, the function of the soul is to live and it is these three elements of the human soul that ensures human life. Plato, therefore, conceived justice as a virtue of the soul that is brought about by the harmonious functioning of the three elements of the human soul. As a virtue of the soul, therefore, Plato concluded that justice is good in and of itself because it is a necessary condition for human happiness. In my reasoned opinion, this argument by Plato in response to Glaucon and Adeimantus is persuasive argument. This is because Plato explains clearly, by demonstration and concrete example, why justice is intrinsically good. By arguing that justice is a virtue that results from the harmonious functioning of the three constitutive elements of the human soul, Plato has clearly demonstrated that justice as a virtue is good in and of itself. The main relationship between this response and Plato’s conception of

How do our checks and balances work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How do our checks and balances work - Essay Example The branches are considerably equal in power and their jurisdictions are mutually independent to eliminate probability of conflict of interest in implementing the checks and balances. The legislative arm of the government that consist of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes laws that govern operations of other government arms as well as citizens. Administrative law, as developed by the legislature, for example, determines organization of the executive in implementation of its governing roles. The legislature also has the sole role of developing bills that regulate government policies, such as tax policies, and this checks on the executive arm’s authority to develop and implement rules policies that relates to taxation. The legislature therefore regulates tax rates that may be imposed by the executive on citizens and corporate parties. The legislature also ensures checks on the executive through its powers to impeach an officer in the executive arm of the government for improper conduct. Such impeachment powers are also dispersed within the legislature to ensure balance and checks in their implementation. The House of Representative, for example, serves the role of impeaching officers in the executive arm of the government while the congress presides over impeachment cases. The same impeachment role applies over judicial officers and it ensures that the judiciary and the executive are run in accordance with the law and any other constitutionally established standard (Adamson and Morrison 31). Our checks and balances also work through the roles and powers of the judiciary over constitutionality of laws and actions. The power to determine constitutionality of laws offers checks over the legislature by ensuring that enacted laws or amendments are consistent with the constitution. In its roles and powers, the judiciary that is headed by the Supreme Court can declare legislation unconstitutional through its mandate of interpreting the constitution and such a pronouncement renders the subject legislation null and void. The role therefore checks on the legislatures powers to make laws and discourages legislations that are beyond the powers and scope of the houses under the doctrine of ultra vires. The judiciary also offers checks over the executive through its veto powers over decisions made by the executives and its officers. This is also based on its interpretative role that determines constitutionality of controversial decisions by the executive branch. This allows the courts to rescind a decision by a representative of the executive arm (Adamson and Morrison 32). Similarly, our checks and balances work through the powers of the executive arm of the government over both the judiciary and the legislature. The power of the precedent, the head of the executive arm, to approve of all laws that the legislature passes offers check by ensuring that the laws are valid. The powers also ensure that the legislatureâ€℠¢s interest is not passed into law by subjecting the passed laws to an independent party to the law making process. The Congress however has powers to reverse a decision by the executive not to approve legislation and this identifies the role of the three arms of government in ensuring valid laws. The legislature makes the law, the executive approves the laws, and the judiciary interprets them for implementation, besides validating controversial ones, by the